抗癌中草药研究的进展

THE RECENT PROGRESS ON THE STUDIES OF ANTICANCER DRUGS FROM PLANTS AND TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

评述了近年来国内外抗癌中草药研究的新发展。靛玉红是青黛的有效成份,在靛玉红研究的基础上创制了甲异靛,后者对慢性粒细胞白血病有明显疗效。近年来,发现某些中药对癌细胞有分化诱导作用,葛根的有效成份大豆甙元及乳香的有效成份乙酰乳香酸对人早幼粒细胞白血病有明显的分化诱导作用。红参的有效成份之一人参皂甙Rh_2对黑色素瘤细胞 B-16有明显的分化诱导作用,可使瘤细胞阻断在 G_1期。由于发现喜树碱对 DNA 拓扑异构酶有选择性抑制作用,喜树碱及其衍生物(如 CPT-11)又重新引起人们的兴趣。高等植物含有多种次级代谢物,后者常有抗致突变及抗促癌作用。因此从中草药中寻找癌的化学预防药已成为一种新的趋向。姜黄素有抗致突变及抗促癌作用,对化学致癌有预防作用。三尖杉酯碱及高三尖杉酯碱是从海南粗榧树皮中提取的生物碱,对人急性粒细胞白血病有肯定疗效,国内已广泛应用。紫杉醇是一种化学结构新颖、作用机理独特的抗癌新药,抗瘤谱广,对卵巢癌、乳腺癌及肺癌有突出疗效。

The recent progress on the studies of anticancer drugs originatedfrom plants and traditional Chinese medicine in China was reviewed in this paper.In-dirubin and N-methyl isoindigotin are useful for the treatment of chronic myelocyticleukemia.10-hydroxy camptotecin which is a derivative of camptothecin exhibited inter-esting activities in prectinical studies.Ginseng saponin Rh_2 showed a significant induc-tion o17 cell differentiation of melanoma B-16 cells in vitro.Curcumin is an active princi-ple of Curcuma longs.Recent pharmacological studies demonstrated that curcumin is aantimutagen as well as a antipromotor which could be used as a chemopreventive agentfor cancer.Pueralia lobata is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine and the ac-tive principle of this plant—daidzein was shown to be an inducer for cell differentiationof HL-60 cells.Acetyl boswellic acid(BC-4)from Boswellia carterii can induce cell dif-ferentiation of HL-60 cells along myelocyte lineage in vitro.Harringtonine and homo-harringtonine were isolated ftom Cephalotaxus hainanensis and are widely using for the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia.Taxol from Taxus chinensis was shown to bean important new anticancer drug with unique chemical structure and mechanism ofaction for cancer.It promotes tubulin assembly and arrest cancer cells in G_2+M phase.