翻车事故幸存者中精神创伤后应激障碍

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the bus accident survivors

对一次翻车事故22位幸存者中 PTSD 的发生及表现作了研究。调查分别于事故3月和4年后进行,采用 DSM-Ⅲ-R PTSD 诊断标准及 SCL—90、HAMA、HAMD,SDSS 量表。共发现9例(41%)幸存者患有 PTSD、其中1例于事故1年半后病情缓解,余8例直至4年后仍无改善。患者一直出现的症状是触景生情样的强烈精神痛苦、努力回避能唤起创伤回忆的活动或处境。4年后患者感到与他人疏隔、前途渺茫感加重。患者精神躯体的痛苦较重,社会功能受损,但无一人主动求治。本文提出应对此病予以重视、提供干预。

Twenty—two survivors of a bus accident were investigated for the occurrence and symptoms ofPTSD.The clinical interviews were conducted 3 months and 4 years after the accident,respectively.The results showedthat 9 survivors met the criteria of PTSD accordeng to DSM—Ⅲ—R.Among the cases,only one recovered one and ahalf years after the accident,while the remainders still met the deagnostic criteria of PTSD even four years later sincethe accident.Although decreased interest,desturbed sleep and exaggerated startle response were common shortly followingthe accident,detachment and sense of forshortened future were more frequent ones 4 years later.No patients receivedadequate psychiatric care.The authors suggest that more attention be paid to this disorder and active intervention be pro-vided to the patients.