晚清华北村镇人口

Town and Village Population in North China during the Late Qing Dynasty

本文主要根据光绪初年青县、深州的两种村图以及一些方志 ,研究晚清时期直隶、山东一些州县村镇的人口问题。当时的“镇”不一定是商业聚落 ,不少“镇”人口不多 ,又无商店市集 ,只是一般村庄。村镇户均人口多在五人左右 ,入学者只占人口之百分之一二。穷民、残疾、节孝等类人员在人口中占有相当比例 ,老年人口比例偏低 ,性比例普遍严重失衡 ,就人口年龄分配而言基本上是稳定的人口类型。

Based mainly on two kinds of village maps and local records of Qingxian county and Shenzhou prefecture during the early years of the Guangxu reign period this paper focuses on the town and village population in some prefectures and counties of Zhili and Shandong. “Towns” at that time did not necessarily mean business settlements. Many towns had only a small number of people and had no markets and shops, just ordinary villages. The average number of people in a household was about five and the people ever enrolled in schools accounted for only one or two percent of the whole village population. The paper probed into the poor, the disabled, the elderly people and the chaste women and the filial sons in order to make clear the health conditions in Qingxian county and Shenzhou prefecture at that time. We can also get a glimpse of the disproportion of the two sexes and the growth trend of the population from the numbers of male and female grownups and minors in some towns and villages of selected counties and prefectures.