国际人道主义法与国际人权法之比较

Comparing lnternaticonal Humanitarian Law with International Law of Human Rights

国际人道主义法旨在为一方权力之下的武装冲突受难者提供人道主义保护 ,保护的是战争中不与军事必要相冲突的人权 ,它有着悠久的历史渊源和一整套国际实施机制。国际人权法旨在为所有作为人所享有或应享有的基本权利提供平等的保护 ,它适用于任何个人和任何情势。人权纳入国际保护始于二战结束以后 ,它主要由国内法来保障。由于国际人道主义法和国际人权法在对个人权利的保障上存在着共同的价值取向 ,容易使人们混淆两者之间的关系 ,其实两者是国际法的不同分支部门 ,但它们存在着交融之处 ,并互相影响、互相作用。

International Humanitarian Law aims at providing humanitarian protection for the war victims under the power of one of the parties to the armed conflict, and it highlights the protection in the war of human rights which is not incompatible with the requirements of military necessity. It has a long history of legal sources and as well a full set of international implementation mechanism. International Human Rights law protects equally the basic rights of all the people as human beings. Human rights began to be governed by international law after the end of the World War II and even up to now it is mainly of the concern of domestic law. As the International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law are oriented to same value, the relation thereof often has the effect of misleading people. To summarize, International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law belong to different branches of international law with overlaps and interactions between them.