战与和的变奏——重庆谈判至政协会议期间的中国时局演变

A Variation on War and Peace: The Evolution of China’s Political Situation from the Chongqing Negotiations to the Political Consultative Conference

重庆谈判至政协会议期间的中国时局演变 ,反映出战后中国面临的最重要问题 ,即战争还是和平 ,这是国人关注的主题 ,也是各种政治力量争执的焦点。国共两党虽然经过重庆谈判签订了“双十协定” ,但由于并未解决军队和地盘这两个根本问题 ,因此仍然因为实际利益之争而发生了大规模武装冲突。其后 ,由于军事较量的相持 ,更由于外部环境的变化 ,国共实现了停战 ,并召开政协 ,讨论战后中国问题。但是国共停战的实现 ,缺少真正的内在动因。因此 ,在外部压力下实现的停战 ,其延续的环境十分脆弱 ,国共两党最终仍回复于战争 ,某些暂时的妥协只能是一时的“迂回” ,并不妨碍双方实现其基本方针的决心与努力。在这样的形势下 ,所谓战与和的变奏 ,和不过是插曲 ,战才是主旋律。

The evolution of China’s political situation from the Chongqing negotiations to the political consultative conference reflects China’s most important postwar question: war or peace. This was the subject about which the Chinese people were concerned, and the focus of disputes among the various political forces. Although the Chinese Communist Party and the Guomindang signed the October 10th Agreement after the Chongqing negotiations, they did not solve the two fundamental problems of military forces and territorial control. Thus full-scale armed conflict still broke out as a result of their struggle over power. Afterwards, the two parties ceased fire and held a political consultative conference to discuss the problems of China after the war. They did this partly because of a military stalemate, but more importantly because of changes in the international situation. However, the cease-fire had no real internal motivation. This armistice under foreign pressure was difficult to maintain, and in the end the two parties returned to war. A few temporary compromises were no more than “detours” which could not hinder the two parties in their determination to carry out their fundamental policies. Under such circumstances, war was the main theme of the variation on war and peace, and peace no more than an interlude.