侵权还是违约——由一则案例引起的思考

Infringement of Rights or Breach of Contracts——the consideration came from a case

侵权责任与违约责任是两类基本的民事责任。我国《民法通则》专设“民事责任”一章 ,不仅就两类责任的共性问题作出了阐述 ,而且对两类责任分别作出了规定。然而由于民事责任的复杂性 ,民事违法行为性质的多重性 ,使这两类责任常常发生竞合。本文试图通过对一个典型案例的分析 ,揭示违约责任与侵权责任的概念及其构成要件 ,确定侵权责任与违约责任竞合的标准 ,以期对民事立法和司法实践有所贡献。

The liability for infringement of rights and the liability for breach of contracts are two kinds of fundamental civil liability.In our country The General principles of the civil law of the Peoples's Republic of China stipulates a chapter for'civil liability',it not only elaborate the general character of the two kinds of the vivil liability and the multiform nature of vivil unlawful act,which often make the two kinds of liability but also make provisions for he two kinds of liability separately,however because of the complexity of liability cohappen.After analyzing a typical case,we have revealed the conception of liability for breach of contracts and the conception of liability for infringement of rights and their own formations.Then we define the explicit standard conditions for coincidence of liability for infringement of rights and the liability for breach of contracts and wish to do something helpful for the civil legislation and judicature practice.