不平衡的发展:20世纪与现代化

The Unbalanced Development:Modernization and the 20~th Century

20世纪历史的主题是现代化 ,2 0世纪重大历史事件都围绕现代化展开。就不发达国家而言 ,现代化对他们的冲击逼迫它们做出回应 ,于是就出现众多的革命、改良、和民族独立战争。就发达国家而言 ,经济大萧条和两次世界大战似乎表明它们的“现代化”已经出现问题了 ,于是它们进入“修正”现代化的阶段。一方面是现代化的全球扩张 ,一方面是“修正”现代化的努力 ,这两种相反趋势造成 2 0世纪历史的矛盾发展 ,“不平衡”引发出无数的“多元化”。

Modernization provides a main theme for the history of the 20 th century within which many major events unfolded themselves.In the 20 th century the need for modernization of those non developed countries caused many revolutions,upheavals or wars of independence,while to other countries considered as 'developed'the Great Depression of the 1920s and the two World Wars seemed to implicate that'modernization' had been misled.Thus in the 20 th century we see on the one hand various countries searching for modernization while on the other hand a trend of 'amending' modernization in the developed world.These two opposite trends composed a dialectical unfolding of the 20 th century history in which we can understand 'diversity' from 'unbalance'.