清代前期海外贸易管理中的具结现象

Recognizance Phenomenon in the Management of Overseas Trade in First Half Period of Qing Dynasty

在清代前期的海外贸易管理中 ,具结现象普遍存在。具结不仅是广大从业人员资格审查和认证的基本方式 ,而且在海外贸易实践中得到广泛应用 ,从而成为封建官府规范管理的基础。具结现象对于维护传统的海外贸易体制、确保封建官府对海外贸易的管理与控制起到了一定的作用 ,但在当时的历史环境中 。

The recognizance phenomenon rifely consisted in the management of overseas trade in first half period of Qing Dynasty. The recognizance not only was an important method in examination and authentication of competence, but also was used in the management of overseas trade widely. The recognizance phenomenon had played an important role in the protection of overseas trade system, management and control of overseas trade by the fuodal offical, at the same time restricted and impeded the development of overseas trade inevitably in that historical condition.