戊戌时期妇女运动侧重民族革命的文化分析

Traditional Cultural Reasons for the 1895-1898 Women's Movement's Emphasis on National Revolution

戊戌时期妇女运动的主要特点是始终关注反帝救亡的民族革命，而相对淡化了对男性中心的社会性别制度的批判，其缘由除了海内外学者已论及的历史原因即当时的民族矛盾远比两性矛盾尖锐外，还有三个传统文化因素起了潜移默化的作用：一，重实用、黜玄想的致思倾向使戊戌时期妇女运动的参与者对强国保种实际需要的热情本能地高于对男性中心的社会性别制度的理论批判；二、“以天下兴亡为己任”的爱国情怀和历史责任感使得国家和民族利益自然地成为戊戌时期妇女运动参与者压倒一切的选择；三、经验综合型的整体思维方式使得戊戌时期妇女运动参与者将妇女解放的内容等同于一般人民解放的内容。

The women's movement in 1895-1898 emphasized th e national revolution against imper ialism but neglected criticism of the male-centered gender system. In addition to historical reasons that have previously been mentioned (national contradictions were sharper than sexual ones) there were three traditional cultural factors that exerted a subtle influence on the movement. First, the traditional tendency to attach importance to practice but despise theory meant that the women's movement was more enthusiastic for the practical need of 'strengthening the nation and protecting the race' and less interested in criticizing the unequal gender system theoretically. Second, patriotism and a sense of responsibility for 'looking upon the rise and fall of China as one's own mission' made these participants naturally put the nation's interests in the forefront. Third, the traditional way of viewing the situation as a whole made the participants confuse the contents of women's emancipation with that of general people's liberation.