烧伤病人医院感染的临床研究

Clinical study on nosocomial infection in patients with burns

目的 :调查病人烧伤后医院感染的临床特点及相关因素。方法 :对 1993年 1月～ 1996年 12月所有住院时间≥ 48h的烧伤病人 782例进行前瞻性加回顾性调查其烧伤医院感染的部位、感染率、病原体及药敏等。结果 :烧伤医院感染部位最常见的是血液和创面 ,其次是呼吸系统 ;烧伤医院感染率与烧伤严重程度、诊疗及医疗环境等密切相关。感染菌种 :G+ 菌占 43 82 %主要为金黄色葡萄球菌及厌氧消化球菌 ,G-菌占 5 2 81% ,主要为绿脓杆菌及硝酸盐阴性杆菌。结论 :针对烧伤医院感染的特点及相关因素 ,采取相应措施 ,可防治烧伤医院感染。

Objective: To study clinical characters and related factors of nosocomial infection in patients with burns. Methods: To study 782 cases of burns as a group hospitalized in our department for more than 48?h, from January, 1993 to December, 1996. Prospective and retrospective investigation of infection locations, infection rates, pathogen and drug sensibility was carried out. Results: The infection most often found in blood and wound, less often in respiratory system. Nosocomial infection rates in patients with burns were closely related to the severe degree, diagnosis and therapy of these patients and hospital surroundings. Infection bacteria species: Gram positive bacterium accounted for 43.82%, and mainly were staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic peptococcus. Gram negative bacterium accounted for 52.81%, of which pseudomonas aeruginosa and nitrate negative bacillus constituted the majority. Conclusion: According to these characters and related factors of nosocomial infection in patients with burns, effective mesures of preventing and controlling infection should be taken, so that the incidence of nosocomial infection in these patients will drop. [