螺旋桨材料空泡腐蚀机理的扫描电镜研究

INVESTIGATION ON CAVITATION MECHANISM OF PROPELLER MATERIALS BY MEANS OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

本文采用磁致伸缩空蚀机、转盘空蚀机和扫描电镜,研究了 Zcuzn37Mn3Fe1Sn1和 ZCuMn13A18Fe3Ni2铜合金和T_(A5)钛合金等材料的空蚀过程和空蚀表面形貌,并探索了不同相结构的合金的空蚀规律。用扫描电镜对空蚀试样表面进行定期观察的方法,发现了一些新的物理现象,为空蚀机理的研究提供了试验证据,诸如:扇状花样的出现,证实了冲击波破坏机制的存在;初熔现象的出现,说明空蚀过程中存在高速绝热变形。相结构的晶体类型、显微硬度,及其分布规律,尤其是相界面的结构形态对空蚀产生显著的影响。研究表明,在青铜螺旋桨材料中,采用固溶强化和沉淀强化以及相界强化等手段,使α相得到充分强化,是发展具有高抗蚀能力的现代螺旋桨材料的研究方向。

Cavitation erosion process of α+β brass was observed and studied by metallography,scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron microprobe analyzer(EMPA),and ultrasonic magnetostrictive oscillator technique et al.A special morphology of damaged surface,concertric circles pattern, was observed on the cavitation damaged surfaces of the α+β brass and a titanium alloy On the basis of the experimental results,the microjet cavitation erosion mechanism and shock wave erosion mechanism are discus- sed.