云南锡矿井下矿工肺癌高发的职业性病因

INVESTIGATION OF THE ETIOLOGY OF LUNG CANCER WITH HIGH INCIDENCE AMONG THE YUN NAN TIN MINERS

云南锡矿(简称云锡)井下矿工肺癌发病率为336.274/10万,比本矿区对照组高25倍,并有明显的职业性特征。研究证实,不仅云锡矿工肺癌高发,湖南香花岭锡矿矿工亦有肺癌高发现象。高发的职业性病因是由于长期吸入高浓度混合矿尘所致。入肺矿尘中的As、cr、Ni、Be、Ti、Fe、Pb、Co以及白云母、滑石等化合物的混合作用可能是致肺癌高发的主要因素。自60年代以后,由于云锡矿井下作业环境空气中粉尘浓度明显下降,60年代进矿矿工肺癌发病率已降到一般发病水平,现已无高发现象。研究认为,如能将井下作业环境空气中粉尘浓度降至5mg/m^3以下,即能有效地防止肺癌高发。

As was informed,the incidence of lung cancer among the Yun Nan underground tin minerswas 313.121/10~5.It was 24 times higher than that in nonminer population of the same tinmine and had obvious occupational character.Besides,the high incidence of lung cancer occurredin Xian Hua Lin tin mine(in Hunan province)and other tin mines.The occpational etiologywas due to inhalation of high concentration of mixed tin mine dusts.The combined effect of ele-ments and compounds containing As,Cr,Ni,Be,Ti,Fe,Pb,Co,mica and talc inhaled into thelung with tin dust,may play the leading role in carcinogenesis of tin miner's lang cancer. After 1960 the incidence of Yun Nan tin miner's lung cancer was decreased.The reasonwas due to the significant decrease of concentration of tin mine dust in underground working en-vironment was limited below 5mg/m^3,the high incidence of lung cancer among the miners couldbe prevented effectively.