乙酸对作业工人健康的影响与卫生标准的探讨

THE EFFECT OF ACETIC ACID UPON WORKERS' HEALTH AND EXPOSURE LIMIT

报道乙酸生产和使用厂1062个乙酸空气样品测定和588名乙酸工人健康检查结果。结果表明,乙酸接触水平与眼结膜、上呼吸道粘膜刺激症状、体征及免疫球蛋白(IgA,IgG)水平呈剂量反应关系。车间空气中乙酸浓度(TWA)为16.31mg/m^3,上述指标的检出率与对照组比较均有非常显著性差异;乙酸浓度为6.97和7.76mg/m^3时,个别症状和体征的检出率与对照组比较有显著性差异;乙酸浓度为2.18mg/m^3时,两组比较各项指标均无显著性差异。根据毒理学资料和现场调查,参考不同国家乙酸卫生标准,建议我国车间空气中乙酸最高容许浓度为10mg/m^3。

This paper reports the results of medical examination on 588 workers exposed to acetic acid vapour and determination ofacetic acid in 1062 air samples collected in factories which produce acetic acid or use it.The results indicated that there were ??dose—response relationships between the concentration of acetic acid in exposure and eyes conjunctiva or upper respiratorytract mucosa irritation,immunoglobulin(IgA,IgG)level.There were highly significant differences in detectable rate of all theabove responses compared with the control group while the acetic acid concentration(TWA)was 16.31mg/m^3;there wassignificant difference in detectable rate of individual symptom and sign while TWA was 6.79mg/m^3 and 7.76mg/m^3;therewas no difference between the exposed group and control group while TWA was 2.18mg/m^3. On the basis of the spot investigation and the data of toxicology,along with reference to the health standard of acetic acidin different countries,we recommend the maximum allowable concentration of acetic acid in air at workplace is 10mg/m^3.