毛竹林大小年改“均年”的技术措施研究

STUDY ON TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING ON-OFF-YEAR PHYLLOSTACHYS PUBESCENS STANDS INTO THE EVEN-YEAR ONES

毛竹林大小年现象分明,每二年约有六个月的竹叶发黄、脱落、换新小叶时间,这期间竹林光能利用效率不高,严重影响次年的产量。通过小年留笋养竹、大年疏笋、控制新竹数量,并采取切断部分立竹的支鞭,利用竹子生长顶端优势,多发叉鞭,造成大小年立竹的多鞭系统竹林结构,同时结合松土、施肥,改善土壤理化性质,提高竹林光能利用率,使每年都有出笋成竹,其产量可比大小年分明的竹林增产20～30％。

There was a phenomenon in Phyllostachys pubescens stands that more shoots were sprouted in a year (on-year) and less shoots were sprouted in another year (off-year). Under the condition of these stands bamboos usually altered their leaves once every two years during the period from the October of on-year to the April of off-year in which the leaves became yellow and fell off, and were altered into new leaves. This resulted in low photosynthetic efficiency of the stands and the yield of shoots and culms on the next year was largely influenced. The stand structure with more rhizomes which could produce shoots and bamboos in both on-year and off-year was developed in this report by means of remaining shoots in off-year, shoot cutting and controlling the quantity of new bamboos in on-year as well as breaking off the rhizomes on a part of standing bamboos and multiplica ting more branch rhizomes. Also, the yield of stands in this report went up 20～30% on-off-year, and shoots could be grown into bamboos every year by means of fertilization, loosening soil and improvement of physical and chemical properties in the soil.