黑麦不同叶位叶片、叶鞘叶肉细胞形态及其功能的研究

Studies on the Morphology and function of the Mesophyll Cells of Leaf-blades and Leaf-sheaths in Rye(Secale cereale L.)

以田间生长的两个黑麦品种为材料,对各叶位叶片、叶鞘的叶肉细胞形态进行了离析观测。黑麦各叶片叶肉细胞形态不一,从1环到10余环。冬前所生叶片叶肉细胞的形态各叶位间无明显的变化规律;春季伸长节间的叶片,随叶位的上升多环细胞所占比例渐增,旗叶尤其明显。越冬前后长出的叶片叶肉细胞的长、宽均较大,以前和此后伸出的叶片叶肉细胞的长、宽均变小,高位叶片变小的幅度要大于低位叶。叶鞘叶肉细胞的形态及叶位间的变化规律同叶片。黑麦上位叶片的光合速率高于下位叶片,下部各叶位叶片的光合速率差别不大。对叶肉细胞的形态与光合速率的关系进行了讨论。

Using cell seperation technique, the mesophyll cells of leaf--blades and leaf--sheaths at differ-ent positions of the main stems of 2 rye varieties grown in the field were investigated. The resultsindicated that the morphology of the mesophyll cells of the leaf--blade varied from no link toabout 15 links. There was no apparent change in the morphology of the mesophyll cells in differ-ent autumn leaves, but the morphology of the mesophyll cells changed gradually from simple tocomplex when the leaf position shifted from the first spring leaf toward the flag leaf. The percen-tage of simple cells was higher in the lower leaves than in the upper ones, but there were morecomplex cells in the upper leaves than in the lower ohes. The mesophyll cells in the leaf--sheath showed the same changes as in the leaf--blade, exceptthere were more simple mesophyll cells in the leaf--sheath than in the leaf--blades. In autumn leaves,the size of the mesophyll cells increased when the leaf position shifted fromlower leaves toward upper leaves. but with spring leaves, it decreased when the leaf position shiftedupward. The net photosynthetic rates of the 2 uppermost leaves were higher than those of the otherleaves.