1202例早孕妇女活动性巨细胞病毒感染的调查

Investigation of active human cytomegalovirus infection of 1 202 early pregnant women

为了解我国北方地区人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)的感染情况及其危险因素,我们在北京、沈阳及青岛三市对1202例早孕妇女及其胚胎采用间接酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和免疫组织化学法(PAP)进行HCMV-IgM 和 IgA 抗体和抗原的检测。结果显示沈阳孕妇活动性 HCMV 感染率最高(10.0%),青岛次之(9.0%),北京最低(5.5%),差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。在胚胎中 HCMV 抗原的检出率亦以沈阳最高(16.8%),青岛居中(14.5%),北京最低(10.0%)。孕妇血清中 HCMV-IgM 抗体与其胚胎抗原的分布频数呈密切的一致性(x^2=5.15,P<0.05)。说明胎儿可以从其 HCMV 阳性的母亲获得先天性感染。孕妇的活动性 CMV 感染传播给其胚胎的危险度为22.4%。比群体感染率高(13.7%)。孕妇活动性 CMV感染除公认的与年龄、职业、经济等因素有关外,尚与地理环境、季节及以煤为燃料有一定的相关性。作者还对减少孕妇中活动性 HCMV 感染提出了建议。

In order to know the situation of active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection andit's risk factors in the north China,1202 blood samples from Beijing,Qingdao and Shenyang were testedfor the HCMV specific antibody (IgM and IgA) in early pregnant women and HCMV antigen in theirembryos by using ELISA and peroxidase antiperoxidase.The results showed the active HCMV infectionrate in Shenyang was the heighest (10%),Beijing the least (5.5%),and Qingdao in the middle (9%).Therewas a statistically significant difference among the 3 cities (P<0.05).The heighest HCMV antigen rate ofembryos was found in Shenyang (16.8%),whereas 14.5% and 10.0% in Qingdao and Beijing,respectively.There was a good positive correlation between the HCMV IgM antibody of the pregnantwomen and the HCMV antigen of their embryos (X^2=5.15,P<0.05).This indicated that HCMV may betransmitted from mothers to babies and caused congenital CMV infection.The percentage of HCMVtransmission from pregnant women with active CMV infection to their babies was 22.4%,which washeigher than that from the early pregnant women population (13.7%).The active CMV infection rate ofprenant women was not only correlated with age,occupation,and socioeconomic status,but also corre-lated with geographical condition,seasons and coal fuel.Suggestion for reducing or preventing HCMVinfection in pregnant women was mentioned.