黄河中游地区的水土流失与河流有害污染物关系浅析

Preliminary Analysis of the Relations Between Soil Loss in the Middle Yellow River Basin and the Fluvial Pollutants

黄河泥沙对有机污染物及重金属有较强的吸附能力,它能将溶解于水相中的化学性污染物质吸附而转移到固体中来。据对无定河、窟野河以及黄河府谷等河流(段)水体泥沙与有害污染物汞、砷、化学耗氧量进行的分析,有害物质与原状水含沙量的多少呈正相关。三川河后大成河段,当含沙量为396kg/m^3时,汞的含量为0.0059mg/L,超标4.9倍。黄河吴堡河段含沙量为28.2kg/m^3时,化学耗氧量为62.3mg/L,超标9.4倍。在汛期含沙量较高的水体中,砷的超标现象更为突出。应加强对黄河中游地区水土流失的综合治理,以减少泥沙对河流水质造成的危害。

Sediment in the Yellow River has a strong absorb capability against organic pollutants and heavy metals. Chemical pollutants that were dissolved originally in liquid phase may be transplanted into solid phase by absorption. Based on the analysis of the relation of the pollutants such as Mercury, Arsenic, and COD with the sediment content in the Wuding, Ruye Rivers and in the Fugu reach of the main Yellow River, it is found that the amount of fluvial pollutants is in direct proportion to the sediment concentration in the raw water. In the flood season when the sediment content is high, the content of above mentioned pollutants is much higher than the tolerable limit specified in the standard. Comprehensive management of soil erosion in the Middle Yellow River basin should be strengthened in order to reduce the harmful influence of the sediment upon the water quality.