小流域土壤侵蚀编图新方法初探

Preliminary Study of New Mapping Methods of Soil Erosion in Small Watershed

当前,在小流域土壤侵蚀编图方法上,还没有规范可循,编土壤侵蚀图件的评价指标也是逐渐由定性向半定量、定量化过渡。由于缺少径流观测资料,加之影响土壤侵蚀量的因素众多,各因素之间交叉作用、相互影响,致使小流域土壤侵蚀定量化编图有一定困难。本文旨在探索小流域土壤侵蚀图的一种新的编图方法。该方法针对小流域的特点,采用大比例尺,以图斑为制图单元,在充分采集地理信息的基础上,提取影响侵蚀的主要因素,利用专家系统打分确定各因素对侵蚀强度的影响,建立侵蚀强度定量评价模型,评价图斑侵蚀强度等级,然后编绘土壤侵蚀图。

This papper is mainly aimed at developing a new mapping method of soil erosion in small watersheds. According to the characteristics of small watershed, this method takes blackspot as an element, selects main factors affecting soil erosion based on full collection of geographic information, uses experts' evaluation points to decide the effects of.the main factors on soil erosion, establishes a quantitative evaluation model to evaluate the degree of soil erosion of blackspot, then makes a map of soil erosion.