双季杂交稻高产施肥技术研究

Study on the practice of Fertilization for High Yielding Double Hybrid Rice

采用田间试验研究施肥水平与杂交水稻产量的关系,以及不同生育阶段养分吸收量,据此,提出了夺取杂交水稻高产的施肥技术。 杂交早稻亩产540公斤,需吸收氮10.9公斤、五氧化二磷4.9公斤、氧化钾15.9公斤、二氧化硅43.8公斤;杂交晚稻亩产560公斤,需吸收氮15.9公斤、五氧化二磷5公斤、氧化钾19公斤、二氧化硅63.8公斤.同一施肥水平,杂交晚稻比杂交早稻多吸收氮20％～27.5％,钾7％～24.1％,磷相似。杂交晚稻秧苗期、分蘖盛期吸钾量高于杂交早稻,齐穗后低于杂交早稻;杂交稻要获高产在氮磷水平中上稻田,施钾是第一位因素,杂交早稻应重视中后期施钾,杂交晚稻应重视苗期及早施钾肥;早晚杂交稻要获超500公斤产量其氮磷钾最佳拖肥量分别为12、4、10.7公斤/亩和12、4、12公斤/亩。

The relationship between yield and fertilization level and the nutrition uptake amount in different growth stages were studied through field experiment in order to deterimine the practice of fertilization for high yielding double hybrid rice. For early hybrid rice, to output 540kg grain must take up 10. 9kg N, 4. 9kg P2O5,15. 9kg K2O and 43. 8kg SiO2 in per mu; For late hybrid rice, to output 560kg grain must take up 15. 9kg N,5kg P2O5 19kg K2O and 63. 8kg SiO2 in per my. At the same level of fertilizer added, late hybrid rice absorpted N 20%-27. 3% and K2O 7%-24. 1% more than early hybrid rice did, and they were same in P2O5 uptake. Late hybrid rice absorpted K more than early hybrid rice did in seedling stage and maximum tillering stage and less than early hybrid rice did after maximum heading stage. To achieve a high yield of hybrid rice in soils which are in middle level of NP supply, the key practice is to use K fertilization that must be applied in middle or late growth stage of early hybrid rice and seeding or early growth stage of late hybrid rice. The optimal amount of N, P and k added is respectively 12, 4, 10. 7kg/mu for early rice hybrid and 12,4,12 kg/. mu for late hybrid rice in order to obtain a yield more than 500 kg/mu.