上肢主要浅静脉的应用解剖

APPLIED ANATOMY OF THE MAIN SUPERFICIAL VEINS OFTHE UPPER EXTREMITY

用20侧成年男性上肢的新鲜标本,用乳胶、铅丹乳胶和AB8树脂经静脉灌注后,对浅静脉的长度、外经以及穿通支、瓣膜等进行解剖、铸型和X线观察。①头静脉穿通支可分为穿肌支和直穿支两种类型,前者占90％以上。穿通支数平均为3支,瓣膜平均为8对;③贵要静脉穿通支可分为三种类型,直穿支占43％,穿肌支占48％和混合支占9％。穿通支数平均为4支,瓣膜平均为6对;③肘正中静脉穿通支均属直穿支,未见瓣膜;④头静脉下段与桡神经浅支的位置关系密切,并接收来自桡神经浅支的小静脉。结果提示临床需要多根移植血管时,头静脉可作为优选材料。

Superficial Veins in the upper extremities were studied in 20 adult male cadavers by X-ray and by injection of emulsified lead oxide red and A. B. S. resin. Their lengths, outer-diameters observe their perforating tributaries and valves were measured. (1) The perforating tributaries of the cephalic vein may be divided into direct(<10%) and indirect (>90%) with 3 tributaries. There was an average of 8 pairs of valves. (2) The basilic vein may be divided into a cardinal (9%), 43% direct and 48% indirect perforating tributaries. The average of the basilic vein was 4 tridutaries and with 6 pairs of valves, (3) All the perforating tributaries of the median cubital vein were direct and no valves were seen. (4) The inferior segment of the cephalic vein lies close to the superficial branch of the radial nerve, when coloured material was injected into the cephalic vein, several small tribxltaries to the superficial branch of the radial nerve were seen. (5) According to our findings, we speculate that the cephalic vein should be better for single as well as multiple 'vascular bridge'donations in vascular transplantation surgery. (6) Morphological findings in this work may provide an anatomical basis for micro vascular surgery.