五种海水鱼视网膜结构的比较

Comparison on retinal structure of five species of marine fishes

本文比较和分析了黄鳍鲷、普通鲻鱼、赤点石斑鱼、蓝圆鲹、金色小沙丁鱼的视网膜形态特点、生理机能及其与生活环境的关系。指出这五种鱼视网膜均为混合型网膜。按主要形态特点划分,这五种鱼视网膜可归纳为三类。这五种鱼的视锥、视杆和色素上皮细胞黑色素均参与视网膜运动反应。这五种鱼视网膜上都存在着单锥和两个内段染色反应相同的孪生双锥。

1.This paper compares and analyses the morphological characters,physiological functionof retina of Sparus latus,Mugil cephalus,Epinephalus akaara,Decapterus maruadsi and Sar-dinella aurita and their relationship with their habitats.The retina of the five species of fish are of a mixed type.In retina of each species thereexists a high density region of cone:the high density region of cone of S.latus and M.cephalus lies in the temporal edge region;E.akaara in the temporal to ventro-nasal edge re-gion;D.maruadsi and S.aurita in the ventro-temporal edge region.2.Based on the major morphological characters,the retina of the five species of marinefish can be classfied into 3 groups.The first group(S.latus and M.cephalus)has a high den-sity cone and rod in its retina and an outer retina reflexive layer;the second group(E.akaara)has a low density cone and rod in its retina and a developed outer retina reflexivelayer;the third group(D.maruadsi and S.aurita)has a specially high density cone region inits retina but no outer retina reflexive layer.The above-mentioned characters point out the retina of S.latus and M.cephalus haverelatively higher sensitivity and visual acuity.E.akaara has a low visual acuity and high sen-sitivity retina.Retina of D.maruadsi and S.aurita have high visual acuity but low sensitivi-ty.They also show that the above-mentioned morphological characters of retina are restrict-ed by the genetic factors and have the characters of environmental adaptation.3.The cone,rod and melanophore of pigmental epithelium of the five species of marinefish all participate in the retinomotor responses.4.The retina of the five species of marine fish all have a single cone and two twin coneswith similar dyeing reaction of linear segment.Thus we can infer that the five fishes all havetwo or more kinds of visual pigment.