甜玉米胚愈伤组织的诱导、继代、植株再生的研究

Callus Initiation, Maintenance and Plant Regeneration from Embryos of Sweet Maize

本研究以不同类型的甜玉米为实验材料,用D和AG培养基进行培养,以诱导幼胚和成熟胚的愈伤组织。结果发现,不同类型的甜玉米均可诱导出愈伤组织,其中以齐31/张1、(CA11/抗病774)F_2诱导率较高,诱导率的高低主要取决于遗传基础、培养基种类。细胞质因子在某些组合中也会影响诱导率。不同甜玉米的诱导率高低顺序依次是su(普甜),sh_2(超甜),suse(加强甜)。在AG培养基上,幼胚和成熟胚未见差异。为了克服多数愈伤组织难以继代保存的困难,本研究试配了MSZ培养基。经试用后表明,它可以消除愈伤组织的褐化,使细胞能持续分裂,经多次继代后,多数供试材料能够形成鲜黄颗粒状愈伤组织。本研究从14个幼胚愈伤组织中获得2个材料分化出苗。本文探索了简便高效的移栽方法,将再生苗直接移入温室或大田土中,存活率可达80％以上,所得再生植株生长健壮,抽雄吐丝正常。

Immature and mature embryos of various kernel types of sweet maize (Zea maysL.) were cultured on duncan's medium and Armstrong and green's medium. All typesformed pale-yellow to yellow callus on the two media. Experiment results indicatedthat callus initiation was chiefly controlled by nucleus and kinds of medium, althoughthere were some differences between reciprocal crosses indicating cytoplasmic effect. Theorder of callus initiation percentage of different types of sweet maize was su, sh_2, suse.No difference was found between immature embryos and mature embryos on AGmedinm. In order to overcome the difficulty of maintaining callus, a new medium,MSZ was developed. It seemed to be suitable to maintain all the cultures. Two out ofthe fourteen embryo callus generated seedlings. Seedlings were transplanted into soildirectly when they were 10cm high and having 2--3 rootlets. 80% of them survivedand developed into healthy normal plants.