对甘蔗亲本更新问题的探讨

Discussiog of the Issure of Sugarcane Parent Renovation

19世纪末,甘蔗育种通过种间杂交,不断导入新种质使亲本不断更新取得巨大的成就。而近30年来,大多数国家都是利用60年前的杂交种杂交进行品种改良。其产量和糖分停滞不前,甚至有所下降,不少国家意识到所用的亲本都是处于一个相对固定的基因库,着手导入新种质更新亲本。但至今尚未获得满意结果。我国建立海南甘蔗育种场后致力于导入野生资源新种质创新亲本,扩大遗传基础,育成不少比对照品种显著增产增糖的优良品种。

At the end of the 19th century, great achievement was made in sugarcane breeding by continuous introduction of new germplasm and creation of new parents through interspecies hybridization. But, in the past 30 years, little progress in the improvement of yield and sucrose content was made because the sugarcane breeding programs in most countries depended on the hybrids originally produced 60 years ago. Sugarcane breeders in many countries were aware of the problem that the parents used came from the relatively limited gene bank, and had begun to introduce new germplasm for parent renovation. However, no satisfactory results have been achieved until now. In China, Many superior varieties with higher yield and sucrose content, have been bred by introducing new wild germplasm, creating new parents and broadening genetic base since the Hainan Sugaecane Breeding Station was established.