纤维素酶用于改进麻黄碱萃取工艺的研究

Application of Cellulase to Improve the Technological Process of Extracting L-ephedrine

本项研究采用纤维素酶酶解草麻黄,在温和条件下萃取其有效成分麻黄碱,以改进工业上采用高温、高压碱处理这一传统工艺过程。结果是可行的。纤维素酶作用草麻黄的最适条件为:温度50℃,pH4.5～5.0,作用时间48h,酶用量60活力单位,鞣质对纤维素酶有强烈抑制作用,抗鞣质剂对消除鞣质抑制纤维素酶活性有明显效果。酶作用的最佳工艺条件为:65℃水浸草麻黄12h,草渣加入抗鞣质剂后再进行酶解。酶解生产工艺优于传统生产工艺,经济效益显著。

The traditional process of extracting ephedrine is in the conditions of high temperature (120℃) and high pressure (19.6N/cm^2), it is a wasting energy and polluting environment process. In this project the author extracted ephedrine from ephedra at room temperature and one atmosphere by treating the ephedra residue with cellulase (EC 3,2,1,4β-1, 4-glucose-4-glucanhydrolase). Through a series of experiments. we get a lot of good results mainly as follows: It is feasible that application of cellulase improve the traditional process of extracting ephedrine in high temperature and high pressure. The improved process are extracting the ephedrine from ephedra by water at first and then treat the residue of ephedra with cellulase. the last step is collecting ephe drine from it's water solution with toluene. The optimal conditions for cellulase acting residue after extracting the raw materials by water were at pH 4.5--5.0, 50℃ for 48 h. The inhibition of cellulase by tannin in ephedra is a critical problem in this process, we found a method to eliminate the inhibition of cellulase by tannin, it was adding the anti-tannin agent to the residue of ephedra, and then treated the residue of ephedra by cellulase.