儿童疫苗免疫现状

UP-DATE STATUS OF VACCINE IMMUNIZATION FOR CHILDREN

本文综述了麻疹等七种疫苗在儿童中的免疫现状。成人麻疹爆发流行和婴儿发病年龄下移是目前麻疹免疫面临的主要问题。降低初免年龄、实行第二针常规免疫已成为当前趋向一致的意见。脊髓灰质炎IPV和OPV联合免疫是今后发展方向。百日咳无细胞菌苗付作用小,效果尚好,正继续深入研究。乙肝疫苗新生儿普种、三剂免疫程序、并用HBIg,意见已趋成熟;抗-HBS持续时间及再次免疫时间须进一步探讨。A型多糖菌苗对流脑免疫效果肯定,B型脑膜炎球菌蛋白菌苗尚待进一步研制。伤寒Vi菌苗有推广价值。

The author has reviewed the recent advances in immunization with variousvaccine for children, including measles, poliomyelitis, pertusis, hepatitis B, ccrcvrospinal meningitis, epidemic mumps, typhoid vi etc. At present, there are two major problems concerning to the measles vaccine immunization; the outvreak epidemic of measles in adults and age sift foward younger group for the measles attack in infancy.A regular second Vaccination is gradually becoming a general tendency.The immunization combined IPV and OPV in preventing poliomydlitis remains yet to be developed.The whole vacteria-free pertusis vaccine has great efficient and li ttle side effect, whicg is under further research. As for the prophylactyic vaccination of hepatitis B, the following idea are accepted progresively, which includes universal immunization of the vaccine in newborn, an immunixation scheme with three separate administrations and a simultaneous application of HB immunoglobulin after immunization.The definite duration of the anti-HBS antibodies as well as the time of performing the booster vac cination yet require further study.The effeciency of polysacharide vaccine types A and C for preventing epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis has been conformed, but that of type B vaccine protein also requires further preparation.Typhoid Vi vaccine appcars to be worthy of vroader application