1992年我国玉米杂交种种质基础评价

A Review on Maize Germplasm Base of Hybrids in China

１９９２年全国种植１０万公顷以上的玉米杂交种有２５个，占杂交种总面积的８３．９％。丹玉１３等六大品种面积占杂交种总面积４５％左右。玉米杂交种亲本系的利用仍十分集中。Ｍｏ１７、黄早四、２８、自３００大自交系的相对利用面积，分别占１Ｏ万公顷以上杂交种种植面积的２３．７５％、１１．５１％、９．８０％、９．６９％。在１Ｏ万公顷以上的杂交种中，相对应用面积超过２０万公顷以上的自交系仅１７个，所占比重却达９０．６２％，种质基础十分狭窄。生产上利用的自交系有四大来源，即：塘山四平头系统、兰卡斯特系统、瑞德黄马牙系统、旅大红骨系统，所占比重为８０．９３％，仅１９．０７％与四大系统无关。金皇后、获嘉白马齿两大系统已近消失。近几年有一批新自交系，如４７８、丹３４０、Ｕ８１１２、５００３、５１５等发展较快。１９９２年玉米新自交系主要来源是：单交种、三交种、综合种或改良群体。

Based on main maize production data in 1988￣1992, twenty-five single cross hybrids grown more than 100000 ha had been planted and covered 83. 9% of the total maize area in 1992. The six main hybrids such as Danyu 13 covered about 45% of the total maize area. The utilization of main inbred lines is still tending to concentration. The maize germplasm is still very narrow. Lines from 'Tangsansipingto'. 'Lancaster', 'Ludahonggu'and 'Reid' were included as 80. 93% of the total line utilized area. The predominant source of new inbred line development was.single crosses (54%), followed by synthetics or improved populations (15. 66% ), three-way crosses (10.44%)..