作物对虫害补偿作用本质的探讨

AN NAPPROACH TO THE NATURE OF COMPENSATION OF CROPS FOR INSECT FEEDINGS

本文探讨了作物的补偿作用的本质、证据、产生层次和所需条件及其在农业害虫控制中的意义。生物在适应环境的长期过程中,积累了适应性的历史经验或环境信息,概括为遗传信息,构成了该物种的特征特性及其需要的理想生态位。由于环境条件的不断波动,现实生态位总是不断偏离理想生态位。环境中物质、能量和信息共同作用影响生物体内的物理及化学反应,改变生物的生理、行为、形态以至遗传信息。遗传再现了生物物种过去适应环境的成功经验,变异则可视为生物个体本身的环境对策。其中成功的对策即补偿作用减小了理想生态位与现实生态位之差,或曰减少了环境波动的不利影响。生命系统由此方式积累信息量,增加有序性,降低熵值。在农作物与害虫中,己经查明补偿反应产生于繁殖器官、营养器官和生理生化水平。在害虫控制中,确定作物对虫害的补偿反应类型、补偿力的大小及其变幅,并利用和加强补偿作用,将使害虫控制工作提高到一个新的水平。

This paper approaches to the nature and evidences of compensation, its levels occurred and conditions required, and its strong implications for agricultural pest control. In the long process of adaptation, an organism acquires adaptative experience or environmental information,generalizing the gonetic information, and constituting the property or ideal niche of the species, As enviornment fluctuates continuously, the realistic niche is, deviating continuously from the ideal niche. The combination of material,energy,and information from environment affects the physical and chemical reactions in the bodies of living things,changing the physiological processes, behaviour, morphogenesis or even genetic information. Heredity reflects the successful experience of adaptation of a species in the past? and variation is the environmental strategies of an individual organism. Those successful strategies, i.e., compensations, reduce the difference of the ideal niche from the realistic niche. By means of this, a life system cumulates information, increases order and decreases entropy. In crops and insect and mite pests, it has been evident that compensatory resporscs occur at the levels of reproductive and vegetative orgar.s, and of physiology and biochemistry. Determination of the pattern, the magnitude and variance of a crop's compensation for the insect attacks,utilization and enhancement of compensation will raise the level of pest control.