生态系统的人口承载力理论初探

Theoretical Approach to the Population Carrying Capacity of Ecosystem.

人口膨涨是当今人类面临的五大问题之一,也是我国目前所面临的最棘手的一个问题。近年来,人口学的发展很快,但是目前人口学研究的主要问题是人口统计、人口预测、人口控制和人口经济等方面,其中对于人口控制的目标,即定量研究理想人口数量的工作则刚开始。从生态学角度讨论人口承载力问题的更少。生态系统人口承载力的研究不仅可以给出一个生态系统(如全球生态系统或一个流域或一个地区)在保证系统结构和功能不受破坏条件下所能供养的最大人口数,而且可以给出该生态系统的人口控制目标,使人口控制的目标选择具有科学的基础。

From the viewpoint of ecological theoretics, the author defines the population carrying capacity of ecosystem as the maximum population amount healthfully sustained by ecosystem when its structure and function remain undistructed. This amount was controlled by the quantity of food energy produced by ecosystem and the ways human beings consume these foods. Mathematical method for the quantitative rescarch of ecosystem's population carrying capacity was given, by which, a scientific population target could be suggested for the controlling of population.