南方春大豆不同生育期干物质积累与氮磷钾含量的变化

DRY MATTRE ACCUMULATION AND ABSORPTION AND ABSORPTION AND PARTITION OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHOROUS AND POTASSIUM ON DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT STAGES IN SOUTHERN SPRING SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAXL.)

本研究对两个南方春大豆品种分别于分枝期、始花期、结荚期、鼓粒期、成熟期取植株与籽粒进行化验分析的结果表明：（１）结荚至鼓粒期为干物质积累最快的时期，干物质积累占总积累量的４０．１３％，始花至结荚期是干物质积累较快的时期，干物质积累占总积累量的３１．８８％。（２）分枝至结荚期氮、磷均以叶中含量最高，氨为３．７００％～４．１０９％，磷为０．２８％～０．２８５％；钾一般以茎的含量较高，为１．６９０％～１．７８０％；鼓粒至成熟期籽粒中氮、磷、钾含量最高，分别为５．６９５％～６．０９２、０．５４９％～０．６７４％和１．７５０～１．８１０％；叶片中氮、磷含量较高，分别为２．１０９％～３．４８２％和０．２１３％～０．２５２％；荚皮中氮、磷含量最低，分别为０．７８１％和０．０７９。（３）大豆不同器官中全氮、磷、钾含量存在较大差异，氮含量籽粒＞叶＞花荚＞茎＞荚皮，磷、钾含量籽粒＞花荚＞叶＞茎＞荚皮。（４）南方春大豆在红壤旱土栽培，亩产１７０ｋｇ籽粒，每１００ｋｇ籽粒需Ｎ９．８７ｋｇ，Ｐ２Ｏ５１．０７ｋｇ，Ｋ２Ｏ３．９２ｋｇ，氮、磷、钾比例为１：０．１１：０．４０。

Chemical analysis of plants and seeds of two soutern spring soybean cultivars were carried out branching,flower - beginning, pod - setting, pos - filling and maturity stages.The results showed:(1)The dry matters accumulated most quickly during the period from pos-setting to pod -filling stages and accounted for 40.13% of total accumulated amount of the whole life cycle.The dry matters also accumulated rapidly during the period from flower-beginning to podsetting stages and reached to 31. 88% of the total amount.(2) Among the organs tested,the contents of nitrogen and phosphorous were highest in leaves at the stages from branching to podsetting,3. 700 - 4. 109% and 0. 280-0. 285% respectively. Generally, the content of potassium was high in the stems at 1. 690 - 1.780 % all the stages. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorousand Potassium were highest in seeds at 5.695 - 6. 092%, 0. 549 - 0. 674% and 1. 750 1. 810% respectively. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorous in leaves were second in amount at 2. 109 -3. 482% and 0. 213 - 0. 252% respectively. The contents of nitrogen and phospho rous were lest in pod shell at 0. 781 % and 0. 079 % respectively. (3)The contents of nutrient elements varied greatly in different organs. The content of nitrogen decreased in the order of seeds,leaves,flowers and pods,stems and pos shell. That of phosphorous and potassium in the order of seeds,flowers and pods,leaves,stems and pod shell.(4)When southern spring soybeans grown in upland red soil at yield of 170kg seeds per mu, 9. 87kg nitrogen, 1. 07kg P2O5 and 3. 92kg K2O,with the ratio of N,P and K of 1: 0. 11: 0. 40,should be required to produce 100kg soybean seeds.