烟草种间体细胞杂种后代的遗传性状观察和选育

OBSERVATION OF GENETIC CHARACTERS AND SELECTION OF THE INTERSPECIFIC CELL HYBRIDS AND THEIR SUCCEEDING GENERATIONS IN TOBACCO

1980年,通过原生质体融合获得普通烟草与黄花烟草(N.tabacum N.rustica)、普通烟草与粉蓝烟草(N.tabacum N.glauca)种间体细胞杂种植株。对其后代连续七年进行了遗传性状观察和选育。结果表明:杂种一代呈典型的双亲中间型,杂种三代和回交二代开始分离,也有一直不分离的稳定株系和雄性不育株系。杂种后代育性差,回交能转育并逐步累积轮回亲本性状,染色体数目则逐渐减少。在杂种后代选育中,已选出了有一定应用价值的烟草新类型。通过体细胞杂交技术,有可能开辟出烟草育种新途径。

The somatic hybrid plants were obtained through protoplast fusion between N.tabacum L.and N.rustica L.and N.tabacum L.and N.glauca L.in 1980. The results from the present study show that the performance of the hybrid plants are typical median of the two parental lines involved in the hybridization. segregation of most characters of hybrid plants begins in SH3 and (SH)B2 generations. However, there is one stable hybrid plant in each protoplast fusion combination mentioned above, respectively and some hybrid plants are male sterile. The fertiliy of hybrid progenies is generally poor. The characters of recuorrent parent can be accumulated gradually via backarosses and the numbers of chromosomes in hybrid plants are gradually reduced. Having been made selections to the hybrids for more than 7 years, some new types of tobacco have been selected through baekcrossses. The conclusion from this study is that it is quite possible to exploit a new tobacco breeding approach with the help of somatic hybridization technique.