棘球蚴（包虫）病的控制策略与模式

Strategy and Model for the Control of Hydatid Disease

为控制棘球蚴（包虫）病，作者在包虫病高发区内，针对犬体中的成虫进行了灭绝性驱杀，而对绵羊等中间宿主体内的幼虫不作干预，以此为策略，在新疆呼图壁及温宿两县开展了区域试验。具体做法是：采取“吡喹酮”药饵剂型，对实验区内全部家牧犬实行成虫期前驱虫，一月一次。此外，尽量捕杀无主流窜犬，杜绝病原散播隐患。三年实验表明，上述两实验区内家牧犬细粒棘绦虫感染率，已分别自１８．５％和１４．７％降至零和０．５％；新生仔代绵羊棘球蚴感染率年下降分别为８１％～８４％和８５．４％～９０．９％。这些结果证明，控制策略和模式都是成功的，能够快速控制畜间棘球锄病的流行，也必将同步控制人体包虫病的感染。为便于和传统的控制策略相区别，特将水研究采取的策略称为“单相灭绝病原”。而对终宿主实行成虫期前驱虫的综合技术措施，概括为“犬犬投药、月月驱虫”的模式。此种策略与模式，具有简便易行、投入少、收效快的特点，适合我国高发的农牧区推广。

An experiment of new strategy and model has been implemended for the control of sheep hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus in hyperendemic regions in Xinjiang, China.The strategy consists of expelling the adult tapeworms from their final host dogs,without interfer-ing their larval stage in the intermediate hosts.The methods include removal of the premature tapeworms from all of the dogs with praziquantel bait once a month and virtual elimination of the stray and surplus dogs,but never took control measures to offal disposal from sheep and other ani_ mal intermediate hosts. It was demonstrated after a five-year experiment,that the infection rates of E. granulosus in dogs dropped from baseline 18.5%and 1.7%to 0%and 0.5%. The annual infec- tion rates in newly born sheep reduced by 81%─84%and 85.4%─90.9%in the experimental re- gions. The resiiIts obtained in the experiment proved that the control strategy and model were suc- cessful that resulted in remarkable reductions of hydatid disease in sheep. In order to distinguish this new strategy frorn the traditional one, the present strategy was termed as the“Single-way e-limination of etiologic agent”and the model was termed as“all available dogs monthly with prazi- quantel bai”. Because of its simple measures, low cost and high effectiveness, this strategy and model would be applicable in most hyperendemic regions in China.