重盐化咸水区人工生态系统稳定性研究

A STUDY ON THE ECO-STABILTY IN THE SALINE GROUNDWATER REGION UNDER THE MAN-CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

北丘浅层咸水盐碱洼地是黄淮海平原河间浅平洼地的一种类型，是旱涝碱咸薄多种矛盾最集中、最典型的地区。盐渍化导致大片土地长期荒芜，分布在洼地南部的万亩试验区内的盐碱荒地面积达４０７６亩，耕层含盐量在０．６％以上，除盐荒地外，已耕地为含盐量０．２—０．４％的中低产田。１９８７—１９９０年采用引淡淋盐、覆盖抑盐、浅群井抽咸、混林农业和培肥改土等技术措施，按照土壤含盐量程度进行分区治理，五年期间治理开发盐碱荒地３６５０亩，试区内人均增加耕地１．４５亩。１９９３年新开发的盐碱荒地粮食作物亩产已达到５５０ｋｇ，试验田亩产已达１０００ｋｇ，中低产田已向高产农田转变。经过治理，北丘洼的农业生产条件已得到改善，一个荒芜盐碱的生态景观正转向良性循环的生态系统。

Abstract Beiqiu Shallow Depression affected by saline water is a typical interfluvial lowland in theHuang-Huai－Hai plain，China．It has some hazards such as drought，waterlogging and espe-cially salinization which has resuIted in the long time deterioration of soils. The total salinearea in the south part of the Experimental Zone is about 4076mu，where the salinity of ploughhorizon is over 0．6％. In the experimental zone，excluding solonchaks，there are low andmedium productive soils with the salt content of 0．2-0．4％. During 1987—1990，an array of methods such as leaching salts with fresh water，mulching to control the salt rise，pumping saline groundwater from wells，farming mixed withforest and fertilizing were used to improve the Experimental Zone，3650mu of solonchakswere ameliorated and the cultivated area was increased by 1．45mu percapita in the Experi-mental Zone during the five years. In 1993 the crop yield on the lately ameliorated farmlandwas 550kg／mu；the yield on the experimental field achieved 1000kg／mu，Low and mediumarable lands have been transformed into high productiveones. By harnessing the agriculturalconditions have been greatly improved.