全球地球科学大断面与地球动力学（Ⅰ）

GLOBAL GEOSCIENCE TRANSECTS AND GEODYNAMICS

全球地球科学断面（ＧｌｏｂａｌＧｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅＴｒａｎｓｅｃｔｓ，简称ＧＧＴ）是当今世界岩石层计划的重要组成部分，也是深化岩石层研究的科学前沿。本文阐明全球ＧＧＴ断面计划的内涵和要求，给出其在全球范围内的分布格局和中国１１条断面的地理位置，在板块构造和地体概念的指导下，依据地球物理、地球化学和地质构造资料相结合的原则进行综合编图。从全球构造出发，对世界上的几条典型断面：北美胡安德富卡－阿尔伯塔（ＪｕａｎｄｅＦｕｃａＡｌｂｅｒｔａ）平原大陆－大洋的ＧＧＴ断面（简称Ｂ＿２断面），欧洲地学断面计划（ＥＧＴ）的“挪威北角－阿尔卑斯－地中海－南突尼斯”断面，中国地学断面计划ＧＧＴ中的“亚东－格尔木”断面，“满都拉－响水”断面和“广州－巴拉望”海洋断面等进行了阐述和讨论，同时对其它一些断面也进行了概述。在各条断面分布的地理位置和构造部位各异的条件下，对其地球物理场和岩石层结构进行了综合研究，探讨了其地球动力学机制并给出了地球科学解释的概念性模式。

Global Geoscience Transects (GGT) is an importent part of World Lithosphere Project today, and is the scientific front for deepening the lithospheric study. In the paper, we present the intension and demand of the GGT Project, give out the global GGT distributions and the locations of 11 transects in China, and make plot in the light of plate tectonics and terrane and concerning geophysics, geochemical and geological tectonics data. According to the global tectonics, we show briefly and discuss several typical transects, (i.e., Juan De Fuca .Alerba plain continent-ocean GGT transect (B2 transect) in North America, North Corner in Norway-Alps-Mediterranean transect of European Global Transect (EGT) Project, and Yadong-Geermu transect, Mandula-Xiangshui transect and Guangzhou-Balawang transect of China Transect Project (GGT).), and we also introduce other transects. On the condition that the location in earth and in tectonics of each transect is different, we deal with comprehensive study of their geophyscical field and lithosphere structure, discuss their geodynamic mechanism and give conceptual model for geoscience interpretation.