中国北方土壤风蚀问题研究的进展与趋势

ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEEDS OF STUDIES ON WIND EROSION IN NORTHERN CHINA

土壤风蚀是中国北方土地退化的主要原因之一。国内土壤风蚀的研究工作相对比较薄弱，所取得的进展主要包括区域性的土壤风蚀分布地带性规律和不同时间尺度的准周期性规律，描述性的风蚀强度分级与危害评价，单因子风蚀过程的风洞实验，农田风蚀防治等方面。今后的研究趋势主要表现在土壤风蚀的物理本质、影响因素及发展动态的综合研究，土壤理化性质与表面性质对抗蚀性的影响及其与风蚀的反馈关系，土壤风蚀的基本过程及防治原理，土壤风蚀预报方程与数字模拟，土壤风蚀影响评价模型，土壤风蚀与土地利用以及全球变化的关系，各种观测与实验设备的研究等方面。

It lacks advanced research on wind erosion,though it is one of the main causes of landdegredation and one of the most serious problems in the north of China.Reviewing thepast research works on this topic,the main successes achieved during several decades areas follows:①Recognitions of zonality law of regional distribution of wind erosion innorthern Loess Plateau,where the climate type is of semi-arid;②Recognition of quasi-periodicity law,including seasonal and long period of 3、7、14 years etc. annual changes ofsoil loss by wind erosion;③Descriptive grading of intensities and assessmentation ofharmfulness of wind erosion;④Wind tunnel simulations of some single factors effectingon wind erosion;⑤Studies of principles of controlling measures and practices mainly onsandy farmlands and rangelands and also along the railways and roadways etc.. Furtherneeds of researches to solve the wind erosion problems in future include:①Comprehensiveresearch on physical nature,effecting factors and dynamics of wind erosion;②Impact ofphysical and chemical properties and ground surface characteristics of soils on wind erosionand their feedback mechanics;③Numerical and wind tunnel simulations;④Predictiveequation of soil loss by wind erosion;⑤Erosion productivity impact calculator;⑤Interac-tions of wind and water erosion;③Interactions of global change,landuse and wind ero-sion;③Impact of wind erosion on sustainable development of human society and economy in arid and semi- arid area etc.