土壤中重金属污染对白颈环毛蚓（Pheretime Califonica）胃肠道粘膜损伤的扫描电镜观察

Observation of the Effect of Heaby Metal Pollution onPheretime Califonica’s Stomach- Intestnal Mucosa Injuring by Using Scanning Electron Microscope

本文首次报道了土壤重金属污染区的白颈环毛蚓（ｐｈｅｒｅｔｉｍｅＣａｌｉｆｏｎｉｃａ）胃肠道粘膜的扫描电镜观察，结果表明：在重污染区（Ⅰ区）蚯蚓胃粘膜出现溃疡灶，并发现有穿孔现象；在轻污染区（Ⅳ区）只发现有胃微绒毛萎缩现象。又在重污染区（Ⅰ区）发现蚯蚓肠粘膜微绒毛有明显的萎缩现象。我们首次发现蚯蚓肠粘膜上存有纤毛丛。对照区肠粘膜上纤毛整齐健壮，而在重污染区（Ⅰ区）发现肠粘膜上纤毛发生紊乱以及萎缩、纤毛顶端发生融结膨大现象。肠粘膜纤毛的病变能很灵敏地反映土壤中重金属危害排泄功能的状况。由此，我们认为：肠道纤毛的病变状况可作为土壤重金属污染监测的一项生物学指标。

By use of scanning electron microscope ,the effect of heavy metal pollution on Pheretime Califonica’s stom-ach-intestinal mucosa has been observed, the research result shows that the heavy metal can damage the earthworm’s body badl, Ulcerous focus and perforation on stomach mucosa were usually seen. The stomach mucosa microvilli appeared atrophic, especially in the bodys of those earthworms grown in serious polluted soil,bad atrophic phenomena were seen not only on the stomach mucosa microvilli, but also on the cilia of the intesti-nal mucosa, The discased changes of the intestinal mucosa cilia is highly sensitive response to the polluted cir-cumstance. Therefore,we could regard it as a biological indicator of the heavy metal polluted soil.