东北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查初报

LARCH AND SPRUCE CONE AND SEED INSECT DAMAGE IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA

１９９３年４～９月与法国农科院合作，对东北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查的初步总结得出：危害兴安落叶松球果的害虫以球果花蝇（Ｓｔｒｏｂｉｌｏｍｖｉａ）属为主，共５种，落叶松球果花蝇［Ｓ．ｌａｒｉｃｉｃｏｌａ（Ｋａｒｌ）］。贝加尔球果花蝇［Ｓ．ｂａｃｉｃａｌｅｎｓｅ（Ｅｌｂｅｒｇ）］、黑胸球果花蝇［Ｓ．ｍｅｌａｎｉｏｌａ（Ｆａｎ）］、稀球果花蝇［Ｓ．ｉｎｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｓ（Ａｃｋｌａｎｄ）］和斯氏球果花蝇［Ｓ．ｓｖｅｎｓｓｏｎｉＭｉｃｈｅｌｓｅｎ］。其中斯氏球果花蝇在我国是首次报道为新记录。这几种花蝇造成的落叶松球果被害率、其中有些地区可达１００％，平均为６３％。以黑胸球果花绳为绝对优势种，占花蝇种群数量的５３％。兴安落叶松种子的主要害虫是落叶松种子小蜂（Ｅｕｒｙｔｏｍａｌａｒｉｃｉｓｙａｎｏ），危害率为３３％。云杉球果小卷蛾［Ｃｙｄｉａｓｔｒｏｂｉｌｅｌｌａ（Ｌ．）］是红皮云杉的主要害虫，危害率可达９５％，其次是球果螟［Ｄｉｏｒｙｃｔｒｉａａｂｉｅｔｅｌｌａ（ＤｅｎｉｓｅｔＳｃｈｉｆｆｅｒｍｕｌｌｅｒ）］。

This is a report on a cone and seed insect damage survey conducted in 1993 for Larix gmelini and Pieca Koraiensis in northeastern China.Larch cone flies are the most important pests for larch cones with average cone rate of 63%.Five larch cone flies:Strobilomyia laricicola,S.bacicalense S.melaniola,S.infrequens and S.svenssoni are found to damage the larch cones.Among these cone flies,S.melaniola is the dominant species and account for the most damage while S.svenssoni is a new record in China.Eurytoma laricis caused 33% of the larch seed damage far more than Megastigmus pictus.For spruce cones,Cydia strobilella is a leading pest followed by Dioryctria abietella.Some biology characteristics of larch cone flies are also reported in the paper.