樟子松松针锈病的研究

A STUDY ON MONGOLIAN PINE NEEDLE RUST DISEASE

近年来，大兴安岭地区的樟子松松针锈病发生严重。主要危害造林后苗木、幼树。用樟子松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｓｙｌｖｅｓｔｒｉｓｖａｒ．ｍｏｎｏｇｏｌｉｃａ）松针上的春孢子向掌叶白头翁（Ｐｕｌｓａｔｉｌｌａｐｏｔｅｎｓ）和轮叶沙参（Ａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒａｔｅｔｒａｐｈｙｌｌａ）叶片上接种获得成功；用带有冬孢子堆的白头翁病叶挂在樟子松松针上接种，也获得阳性反应。因此鉴定在大兴安岭地区樟子松松针锈病的病原菌为白头翁鞘锈菌（ＣｏｌｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍｐｕｌｓａｔｉｌａｅＬｅｖ．），其转主寄主为掌叶白头翁和轮叶沙参。室内抑制春孢子萌发试验，以百菌清和ＤＴ杀菌剂效果最好。用五二扑和扑草净都能杀死掌叶白头翁和轮对沙参的地上部分，起到当年防病作用。

Mongolian pine needle rust disease seriously occured recently in Daxing'an Mountains.We have successfully inoculated with aeciospores from Mongolian pine needles to the leaves of Pulsatilla potens and Adenophora tetraphylla.The infected leaves of Pulsatilla potens with teliospores were handed up onto the needles of Mongolian pine for inoculating,the reaction was also positive.So we first report that the pathogen of Mongolian pine needle rust disease in this region is Coleosporium pulsatilae Lev.,alternate host is Pulsatilla potens and Adenophora tetraphylla.The control test of aeciospores germination was conducted in laboratory and the results suggested that chlorothalonil and DT fungicide are more effective to kill the rust fungi and prometryne and PCP-Na+ MCPA-Na+ Prometryne can kill the surface parts.of Pulsatilla potens and Adenophora tetraphylla in order to control the disease.