淡水育珠蚌体外培养外套膜细胞分泌的珍珠质的性质研究

ON THE NATURE OF NACRE SECRETED BY THE CULTURED MANTLE CELLS OF FRESHWATER MUSSEL

对淡水育珠蚌分泌珍珠质的外表皮进行组织培养，取培养不同时间的培养基，用氨基酸分析仪对其氨基酸测定的结果与空白培养基作比较，其中珍珠所含的各种氨基酸均增加，尤其是珍珠中含量最高的丙氨酸、甘氨酸和谷氨酸增加最多；珍珠药用有效成分之一的牛磺酸，随组织培养时间的延长而逐渐增加；用等离子光谱测定培养组织匀浆液与未培养比较，钙的含量也大为增加。结果表明；离体组织培养分泌的珍珠质的化学成分和性质与活体基本相同。

The nacre secreting mantle cells of freshwater mussel, were cultured in vitro and the cultured medium collected at different intervals of culturing were with amino-acid analyzer and the plasma spectrum. It was found that the media contain the same amino acid compo-nents as the natural pearls. Compared with that of uncultured medium, the quantity of the amino acids in the cultured media was obviously increased. Three major amino acids in the pearl, the alanine, glycine and glutamic acid,took the first place in increasing. The taurine, as one of the pearl's important pharmaceutical components,increased following the increase of culturing time. The increases of calcium in content in the homogenate and hydrolated solution of the cultured explants were also observed in comparison with those of uncultured explants. These results showed that the essential chemical components and the properties of the subtance produced by the nacre-secreting cells are almost identical eidentical either in vitro or in vivo. Therefore,a pearl-culture medium for pharmaceutical usage might be obtained by mass-culture of the mantll tissues or cells in laboratory.