中国对虾维生素营养的研究:Ⅰ.维生素A对中国对虾生长及视觉器官的影响

INVESTIGATION ON NUTRITION OF VITAMIN A FOR SHRIMP PENAEUS CHINENSIS: I. EFFECTS OF VITAMIN A ON SHRIMP'S GROWTH AND VISUAL ORGAN

本文研究维生素Ａ对中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）生长及视觉器官的影响，获得如下结果：１．体长 ４ｃｍ、体重１ｇ小虾对饲料中ＶＡ的最适添加量为 １８，０００ ＩＵ／１００ｇ饲料，体长８ｃｍ，体重７ｇ大虾对饲料 中ＶＡ的最适添加量为１２，０００ ＩＵ／１００ｇ饲料，在ＶＡ最适添加量下，对虾增长、增重最快，饲料系数最 低。２．中国对虾的视网膜电图在暗适应条件下有ｂ、ｃ、ｄ三波，在白、蓝、黄三种光照刺激下，只有Ａ３组 （１２，０００ＩＵ／１００ｇ饲料）其视网膜电位达最高值，即ｂ波振幅达２．４５ｍＶ，ｄ波振幅达３．７ｍＶ，表明ＶＡ 在最适添加量下，视觉反应灵敏，视觉功能正常； ３．ＶＡ最适添加量的 Ａ３组对虾眼组织完整、无畸变， 而ＶＡ含量过高或不足各组，其小眼、视网膜、髓体、Ｘ－器官等都有不同程度的畸变、不完整、干瘪等现 象，表明ＶＡ投喂量不当时，会引起视觉器官的发育障碍或病变。

This paper presents the result of the effect of vitamin A on Shrimp'S growth and visual Organ as follows: (1)The optimal additional content of VA in diet for the shrimp with 4cm length and lg weight was 18, 000 IU/100g, while the optimal additional content of VA for the shrimp with 8cm length and 7g weight was 12, 000 IU/100g. The additional content of VA for small shrimp was more than that of the bigger one. In these conditions, the increase of shrimp's length and weight is highest and the feed conversion rate is lowest. (2)There were three waves in the electroretingram (ERG ) of Penaeus chinensis in dark adaptation, they were wave b, wave c and wave d. When shrimps' compound eyes were stimulated by white,blue and yellow rays,we found that only the RRG's potential of shrimp in group A3 (12, 000 IU/100g)reached the highest value,it meant that the amplitude value of wave b reached 2. 45 mVand the amplitude value of wave d reached 3. 7mV. All these showed that when shrimps were fed with the optimal additional content of VA diet the visual reaction of these shrimp's eyes were sensitive and the visual function were normal. (3)The tissue of shrimp's compound eyes with optimal additional content of VA in group A3 was integrity without malformation, but in those group that the content of VA were over or lack, the shrimp's ocelli, retina, pith and X - organ had been damaged in varying degrees,such as deformity,unintegrity and wither in some tissues. All these showed that the shrimp fed with unfit content of VA could cause pathological changes of its tissue and the hinder of its development.