赤斑羚和斑羚核型比较研究

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON KARYOTYPES BETWEEN N. cranbrooki AND N.g.griseus

本文对赤斑羚（Ｎａｅｍｏｒｈｅｄｕｓｃｒａｎｂｒｏｏｋｉ）和斑羚（Ｎ．ｇｏｒａｌｇｒｉｓｅｕｓ）的染色体Ｇ带、Ｃ带和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ的数目、分布等作了较详细的比较研究。赤斑羚２ｎ＝５６全部为近端着丝粒染色体，Ｎ．Ｆ＝５４；斑羚２ｎ＝５４，除Ｎｏ．３是亚中着丝粒染色体外，其余皆是近端着丝粒染色体，Ｎ．Ｆ＝５４。赤斑羚和斑羚全部着丝粒区域显示强Ｃ带阳性，具有丰富的异染色质；二者Ｃ带带纹相似程度高，其Ｎｏ．３长臂（ｑ）Ｇ带带纹相似。斑羚的Ｎｏ．３短臂（ｐ）与赤斑羚Ｎｏ．２７近端着丝粒染色体的大小、形态和Ｇ带带纹相似；Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ的数目二者都是６个，有相似的分布，由此看来，赤斑羚和斑羚在核型进化上有密切的亲缘关系。

This paper deals with the comparison on karyotypes between red goral (Naemorhedus cranbrooki) and goral(Naemorhedus goral griseus).Their chromosomes were studied by several banding techniques(G-,C-and Ag-staining).These results are given as below:(1) The diploid number of red goral(N.cranbrooki) is 56.All of the chromosomes are acrocentrics.The X is a large one, and the Y,the smallest.The goral(N.g.griseus)has a dipolid number of 2n=54.The karyotype are consisted of 26 pairs of acrocentrics and one pair of submetacentric.The X chromosome is also a large acrocentric,and the Y chromosome,the smallest acrocentric.Therefor,the existence of submetacentric elements makes the remarkable difference between the chromosomal structures of red goral and goral.But autosomal arm number(N.F) are all 54 for both gorals.(2)The G-banding patterns of the 3q in goral are similar to that of the No.3 in red goral,and the G-banding patterns of the 3p in goral are similar to that of the No.27 in red goral.Therefore,it is suggested that a Robertsonian translocation could have happened during the karyotype evolution of gorals.(3)The centromeric distribution of heterochromatin has been demonstrated in all chromosomes of red goral and goral,while the whole Y chromosome is C-band positive.The C-bands of chromosomes are also similar for both gorals.(4) Ag-NORs have been observed at the terminal of 3 pairs of acrocentrics in red goral and goral,which could be No.l,2 and 4 larger acrocentrics according to their size and morphology.These results suggest a close relationship between red goral (N.cranbrooki) and goral (N.g.griseus).