人的基因组及DNA序列分析──过去、现去及将来（上）

Human Genome and DNA Sequence Analysis─Past,Present And Future(Ⅰ)

人的基因组研究已成为生命科学前沿领域中最热门的课题之一。ＤＮＡ序列分析是基因组研究的关键技术．本文对人的基因组分析及其对ＤＮＡ序列分析的要求进行了论述．对ＤＮＡ序列分析方法如板凝胶电泳自放射显影法、板凝胶电泳激光荧光法、毛细管电泳激光荧光法、阵列毛细管凝胶电泳激光荧光法。超薄层板在胶电泳激光荧光法作了详细评论．并对正在开发的不用凝胶电泳分离的直接测序新技术和新方法，如质谱法、原子探针法（扫描隧道显微镜、原子力显微镜）、杂交法、流动单分子荧光检测法等进行了评论。

DNA sequence analysis is a central technology in modern biological and biomedical research.In the present Paper a review of the human genome and DNA sequencing is reported.The pclyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, slab gel electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection,capillary electrophoresis,capillary array electrophoresis and ultrathin slab gel electrophoresis are reviewed detailedly.In addition,the gel-less sequencing new technologies for direct DNA sequencing such as mass spectrometry, atomic probe microscopy(scanning tunneling or atomic force microscopy),sequencing by hybridization,and single molecule fluorescence detection in flowing sample streams are also reviewed.