在辐射防护和安全中一些概念的转变

CHANGES OF SOME CONCEPTS IN RADIATION PROTECTION AND SAFETY0

本文讨论了在辐射防护和安全中一些概念的转变，其中主要是：用“实践”和“干预”的观点代替单一的“实践”的观点；用辐射防护体系代替单一的剂量限值；用一般职业保健服务的观点代替以发现辐射效应和放射性禁忌症为目的的医学监护的观点；用以处置为中心，包括废物的产生、处理、前处置和处置在内的全面的放射性废物管理代替以临时贮存为终点仅包括收集和贮存的废物管理。并注意正确理解“约束”的概念，加强核设施的防护，加强天然辐射源产生的照射的研究。

This paper discusses the changes of some concepts in the field of radiation protec-tion and safety which mainly involve:(1) replacement of the single concept “practice” with“practice” and “intervention”;(2)replacement of single “dose limits”with “radiation protec-tion system”; (3)replacement of “medical surveillance”, which is aimed at finding radiationeffects and contraindication, with “general occupational health services”; and(4) replace-ment of “radioactive waste management”,only including waste collection and storage with aend point of temporary storage,with “comprehensive radioactive waste management”, in-cluding control of waste production,treatment, pre-disposal and disposal with the focus ofdisposal.It should be pointed out that the concept “constrain”should correctly be under-stood,and protection of nuclear facilities and research on exposures from natural radiationsources enhanced.