核电站事故后避迁措施的后果及其最优化

CONSEQUENCES AND OPTIMIZATION OF RELOCATION AFTER ACCIDENTS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

本文介绍以概率风险评价方法对核电站事故后避迁的后果及其最优化进行研究的结果，探讨了源项、剂量干预水平和避迁面积三者之间的定量关系；研究了有关照射途径的辐射剂量和防护措施的代价及其预期减少的剂量与各相关参数之间的依赖关系；讨论了使用代价－利益分析方法导出最优干预水平的问题。为了将个人剂量分布作为一个独立的因素在代价－利益分析中加以考虑，引入了个人剂量评价函数的概念。

The results of a comprehensive study , in a probabilistic framework , of the variousaspects of relocation after accidents of NPP are presented in the paper. The relationship a-mong the amount of radioactivity released,the intervention level of dose for relocation andthe area affected by relocation is quantified. The issue of using cost/benefit analysis to derivethe optimal intervention level for relocation is discussed. In order to take the distribution ofindividual dose into account as an independent factor in the cost/benefit analysis , the conceptof the evaluation function of individual dose is introduced in this paper.