福建红壤的磷素吸附及磷肥效应

Phosphate Adsorption and the Effect of Applying P Fertilizer of Red Soils in Fujian

土壤施用稻草后，土壤最大吸磷量（Ｍ）增加１８．４％－３０．７％，吸附能常数（Ｋ）下降５６．１％－６３．６％．加入酒石酸、草酸、柠檬酸对土壤Ｍ的影响不明显，Ｋ值则下降５５．６％－６４．６％．影响土壤Ｍ的主要因子是活性铁、晶质铁、腐殖质、粘粒（＜０．００１ｍｍ）；影响Ｋ的主要因子是土壤全磷。晶质铁、腐殖质．连续种植３季作物后，土壤Ｍ变化不大，土壤Ｋ值则显著增加．土壤Ｋ和Ｍ与第１季小麦及第２季油菜磷肥回收率呈显著或极显著负相关，与第３季水稻磷肥回收率则无明显的关系．

After applying rice straw to soils,maximum phosphate adsorpting capacity (M) of soils increased 18.4%-30.7%,adsorpting energical constant (K) of soils soils decreased 56.1%-63.6%.After applying oxalate,tartrate and citrate,K of soils dropped 55.6%-64.6%,but M of soils had not evidently changed.The main factors that affecting M of soils were active ferric,crystal ferric,humus and clay (<0.001mm),and that affecting K were total-P,crystal ferric and humus.After planting crops continually for three seasons,M of soils did not varied evidently,but K of soils increased evidently.The correlative degree of the rate of phosphatic fertilizer recovery in first season wheat and second season rape with M and K were significant and rery significant separately,and that in third season rice with M and K were not significant.