中国水稻病毒病的诊断、监测和防治对策

Diagnosis, Monitoring and Control Strategies of Rice Virus Diseases in China

水稻病毒病是一群突发性病害，曾给中国水稻生产造成毁灭性损失．中国稻区广阔，先后发生的水稻病毒及其类似病害已达１１种．病害的准确诊断是病害监测和防治的前提．一个完整的监测体系包括诊断、监视、追踪和预警．针对水稻主要病毒的致病特性及其流行特点，确立了“四看”预警原则，即一看冬春湿度，二看品种布属，三看带毒虫量，四看水稻苗情．根据预警结果，针对具体病害．灵活掌握抗、避、除、治“四字”原则，可获事半功倍的效果．

Rice virus diseases are a group of epidemic diseases, which caused destructive losses in China. There is a wide rice-growing in China, where 11 virus and virus-like diseases have been recorded. Precise diagnosis of diseases is a prerequisite to diseases monitoring and control. A complete monitoring system should include diagnosis, monitoring, tracking, forecasting and admonishing. Based on the pathogenic and epidemic characteristies of rice virus diseases, the authors proposed four rules for the forecasting and admon. ishing,which are 1)the temperature in the winter and the comming spring seasons,2)the variety distribution and arrangement,3)the population of virus-infected vectors,and 4)the rice seedling conditions. An effective control could be achieved by skillfully using the criteria of resisting,averting, eradicating and curing in accordance with the particular diseases based on the results of forecasting and admonishing.