聚合酶链式反应（PCR）在植物病害诊断检测上的应用

The Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction to the Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Disease

聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）用于体外扩增ＤＮＡ具灵敏、特异、快速、简便等诸多优点，已经在分子生物学、微生物学、医学及遗传学等领域得到广泛应用，且在这些领域中显示出巨大的应用价值和广阔的发展前景。在植物病理学领域，ＰＣＲ主要应用于植物病害的诊断检测，特别是对植物病毒及类似病毒病害的检测，其灵敏度可达ｐｇ／ｆｇ水平。此外，还用于植物病原真菌、细菌、线虫的分类鉴定以及植物病毒、类病毒核酸的克隆、测序等研究。同时讨论了ＰＣＲ技术目前的限制和将来的应用潜力。

The application of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA amplification in vitro Possesses many advantages, such as the sensitivity, specificity, rapidness, and convenience, etc. PCR technique has been wide-spreadly applied to the fields of molecular biology, microbiology, medicine and genetics, and showed great value with broad prospects. In plant anthology, PCR technique has been applied to the diagnosis and detection for plant diseases, especially the plant virus and virus-like disease with the sensitivity of pg/fg. Moreover, it has also been applied to the identification of plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and nematodes, as well as the cloning and sequencing of nucleic acids of plant viruses and viroids. Possible linitations and future Potentials of PCR in the application of plant Pathology were also discussed.