不同灌溉模式下砂姜黑土的水分状况

Water Conditions of Sandy Black Earth Under Different Irrigation Patterns

利用山东省５２个气象站３０年的气象资料和有关灌溉资料，研究了１５种不同灌溉模式对砂姜黑土水分状况的影响。研究表明，一般降水年和干旱年份，降水量不能满足冬小麦—夏玉米轮作制下作物对水分的需求。在无任何土壤保水措施的情况下，冬小麦在任何水文年均需灌溉，但一般年及多雨年可免浇越冬水；夏玉米需在一般降水年份和干旱年份灌溉。一般降水年和干旱年份，现有灌溉模式使冬小麦在４、５月份表现缺水，需增大这两个月灌水量。多雨年以模式１１为佳。一般年份采用模式１、３、４、５、６、７均可满足夏玉米生长发育需水量，但模式５最为节水。干旱年份，现有灌溉模式均不能满足夏玉米的需水要求，需增加苗期和抽雄期灌水量。

This paper deals with the effects of 15 kinds of different irrigation pat-terns upon moisture conditions in sandy black earth using meterological data of 30 years from 52 weather stations and some related irrigation data in Shandong Province.The re-sults indicate that in the case of average rainfall year and dry year,the amount of rain-fall can not satisfy water requirements by winter wheat and summer sowing corn in the rotational system.In the case of nosoil moisture conservation measures,winter wheat under any hydrological year needs to be irrigated,but in the average year and rainyyear,there is no needs of irrigation for overwintering of wheat.Summer sowing corn needs to be irrigated in the average rainfall year and dry year.The existing irrigation pattern makes winter wheat suffer from water stress in April and May.Hence,it is nec-essary to increase irrigation water.However,in the rainy year, this irrigation pattern isthe optimal.In the average year,the patterns 1,3,4,5,6,and 7 can be adopted to satis-fy water requirement by summer sowing corn in its growth and development,ut pat-tern 5 can save water optimally.In the dry year,the existing irrigation patterns can notsatisfy water requirement by summer sowing corn.Therefore,it is necessary to increase the amount of irrigation water in the seedling and earing stages.