腾格里沙漠东南缘流沙地葡萄栽培模式研究

Cultivation Model of Grape on the shifting Sand at the South Fringe of the Tegger Desert

在沙漠地区的自然条件下．试验采用架型及栽培措施，首次在流沙地上种植葡萄获得成功。主要技术指标及措施：１）株行距为４×２０ｍ和３×１０ｍ。只对定植沟进行土壤改良；在２０ｍ行距下，改土面积占实用面积的１／２０，在１０ｍ行距下，占１／１０；２）省肥节水。施肥灌水均在１ｍ宽的定植带（最终扩展到２ｍ）内进行；３）采用独龙架，且将主蔓悬垂绑在架下，大大减化了冬埋，减轻了冬埋时的枝条损伤及对沙地表面的破坏；４）冬剪时，留２～３芽短枝修剪，易于掌握，且不影响大多数品种的产量；５）栽后第７年亩产可达２０００ｋｇ以上。葡萄含糖量高达１８．０％以上，品质极上；６）架面高１．８０ｍ，减轻了近地面风沙对植株的危害，也减少了病菌感染的机会，至今无病虫侵害，未喷施过任何农药。

The trellis cultivation measures adopted in this experiment are basedon the full consideration of natural conditions at the local desert region ,and grapes arefirstly grown successfully on the shifting sand land. The techenical indices and cultiva- tion measures employed are mainly as follows:1)The grape trees are planted at the spac- ing of 20 ×4m and 10×3m,Soil amendment is conducted only in the planting furrow.Under the condition of 20m row spacing,soil improvement area accouts for 1/20 of uti-lization area.Under the condition of 10m row spacing,accounts 1/10.2)Both fertilizationand irrigation is conducted in 1m wide planting strip(extended to 2m wide at last),whichsaves water and fertilization very much.3)The sole leading vine shoot with lateral vinebranches is suspended under the trellis,which looks like a dragon after winter pruning.This training method lightens damage to the shoot and destruction to the surface of sandsoil when the vine is buried with soil late in the fall for protection of cold.4)Only 2～3buds are left and others are cut away when the winter pruning takes place,which is easyto master and doesn′t affect productivity of most varieties。5)The output per unit ofarea is more than 2 000kg/mu after 7 years of planting.The grape berry a quality is ex-cellent with more than 18.0%of sugar content.6)The distance between the surface ofthe trellis and the ground is 1.80m,which lightens the damage to the plant by the bolwnsand near the surface of sand soil and also reduces the opportunity of disease infection tothe plant.No insect and disease damage has been found,so any insecticide has not beensprayed.