吐鲁番盆地天然草场资源评价及其合理利用

EVALUATION AND RATIONAL UTILIZATION OF THE NATURAL GRASSLAND RESOURCE IN TURPAN BASIN

本文讨论了吐鲁番盆地天然草场类型及其资源评价、利用中存在的问题，并提出几点合理利用的意见。

Turpan Basin is one of the biggest. intermontane basins in the Tianshan Mountains.The grassland resource in it is very plentiful. According to the conditions of habitat water and heat,as well as vegetation composition, it can be divided into 6 classes: lowland medow,mountainous desert, mountainous desert steppe, mountainous steppe, mountainous meadow steppe and alpine medow.There are 434 plant species in the grassland. The herbage above the middle quality amounts to 70%, which shows that the resource of species quality is good in the basin. Because the main part of the grassland is occupied by desert grassIand,the mean productivity of the basin is very low. In case of seasonal use, spring and autumn grassland areas are lack and the rest seasonal ones are relatively abundant. Comparing the theoretical carrying capacity with practical livestock number, it is found out that the grassland has been overgrazed.Moreover,some questions exist in utilizing the grassland resource, such as serious degeneration, irrational livestock structure, little investment, loose combination between agriculture and animal husbandry, etc.In order to develop the animal husbandry in Turpan Basin,following measures are suggested: 1. to adjust the structure of animal husbandry for accelerating the turnover rate of livestock groups; 2. to increase the investment for grasslaand construction; 3. to develop the animal husbandry in agricultural area.