试论干旱区流域开发中人口、资源、环境和经济发展的协调

ON HARMONIZATION OF POPULATION, RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT IN ARID LAND

本文讨论了干旱区流域开发中的人口承载力、人口超载和移民问题；资源开发和人类活动的强度及其环境问题。认为要解决和预防这些问题，必须协调人口、资源、环境和经济发展（PRED）。在对PRED协调的必要性，可能性，理论基础和一般模式，有关措施作了初步分析之后，以宁夏黄河干流流域开发为例，讨论了干旱区流域开发中PRED的协调问题。

River basin development may be defined as a spatial economic process,in which population,resources,environment and economic development should be harmonized effectiveIy. Since water is a constrained factor in arid land development,river basin development,this,plays an important role in economic development of arid alnd. With a fragile ecosystem,economic activities easily lead to a series of problems concerning with population, resources, environment. Therefore, much attention to should be paid to population capacity, population overload, migration, intensity of resources exploitation and of human activities and environmental degradation.In order to resolving and preverting these problems, population, resources, environment and economic development should be harmonized. For the reason,we discussed the necessity possibility and theory foundation of harmonization of population, resources, emvironment and economic development in river basin development in arid lands. Based on this, we put forward a general model of river basin devlopment in arid lands,and some concrete measures: (1)controlling population quantity and improving population quality especially cultural quality; (2)utiIizing natural resources comprehensively, and raise their utilization ratio; (3) improving environmental idea and transforming passive environmental protection into active environmental optimization; (4)selecting a development way of interior expanded reproduction.Finally, with a case study of river basin development of Yellow River's main stream in Ningxia,we discussed the concrete contents of harmonization of population,environment and economic development, and put forward a development strategy of Yellow River's main stream in Ningxia.